Vehicle-to-Grid
Vehicle-to-Grid enables electric vehicles to exchange energy with the electric grid, allowing managed charging and, where supported, the export of stored vehicle energy.
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The problem
Why V2G exists
This section requires approved editorial content.
No substitute explanation has been generated for why Vehicle-to-Grid exists.
Operating model
How V2G works
The approved explanation should connect physical systems, communications, data, security, and operating responsibility.
Vehicle-to-Grid uses a bidirectional vehicle, compatible charging equipment, controls, and an authorized grid connection to discharge stored vehicle energy to the electricity system. It can support demand response, resilience, or other grid services while preserving the vehicle's mobility needs. Deployment depends on vehicle and charger capability, interconnection rules, communications, aggregation, and utility programs.
Documented activity
Real-world applications
Examples come from verified deployment relationships rather than template-generated use cases.
This section requires approved editorial content.
No substitute explanation has been generated for real-world applications.
Knowledge database
Explore the ecosystem
Counts are navigation into the records supporting this technology profile.
Technology map
Related technologies
These records share a documented category. Their placement does not imply technical dependency or compatibility.
Evidence and relationships
Supporting database
Structured records connected to this technology through reviewed Directus relationships.
Market
Companies
ABB E-mobility
documented_participantABB E-mobility provides connected charging and energy-management systems for passenger vehicles, fleets, transit, and commercial transport, supporting charging, managed energy, and vehicle-grid integration in the V2X ecosystem globally today.
Ambibox
Technology DeveloperAmbibox develops bidirectional DC charging hardware and power-conversion technology supporting vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-home, and vehicle-to-building energy applications.
Ampcontrol
documented_participantAmpcontrol provides software for managing EV fleet charging, charger operations, energy use, and vehicle readiness, supporting smart charging, managed charging, fleet energy management, and supported vehicle-grid use cases globally today.
AVL
Technology DeveloperAVL supplies automotive simulation, test systems, proving-ground services, and scenario-validation tools that support V2X communications, connected automation, and bidirectional charging development.
ChargePoint
documented_participantChargePoint provides networked electric-vehicle charging hardware, software, and services, supporting connected charging infrastructure, managed energy, fleet electrification, and Plug & Charge workflows globally today.
ChargeScape
Platform ProviderAutomaker-backed software company connecting electric vehicles with utility managed-charging and bidirectional-energy programs.
dcbel
Technology Developerdcbel develops residential energy systems combining solar conversion, backup power, and bidirectional electric-vehicle charging for V2H and V2G applications.
EnergyHub
Platform ProviderUtility software company managing electric vehicles and other distributed energy resources through a DERMS and virtual power plant platform.
ev.energy
Platform ProviderManaged-charging software company operating utility programs and multi-asset energy orchestration.
Fermata Energy
Platform ProviderFermata Energy provides bidirectional charging hardware and software for vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-building, and fleet energy-management deployments.
Hyundai Motor Company
provider_or_implementerHyundai develops connected electric vehicles and is expanding vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home energy services.
Indra Renewable Technologies
Hardware ProviderUK charging hardware company developing smart and bidirectional residential EV chargers and supporting software.
IoTecha
provider_or_implementerIoTecha develops charging controllers and vehicle-grid integration platforms based on open charging standards.
Kaluza
Platform ProviderKaluza provides energy orchestration software for managed and bidirectional EV charging.
Kempower
documented_participantKempower provides modular DC fast-charging equipment and charging-management software, supporting connected charging infrastructure, commercial fleet charging, and energy-aware charging operations globally today.
Kia Corporation
provider_or_implementerKia develops connected electric vehicles and participates in group programs for vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home services.
Nissan
AutomakerNissan develops and deploys bidirectional vehicle energy applications spanning V2H, V2B, V2G, and resilience programs using electric vehicle batteries.
Nuvve
Platform ProviderNuvve provides vehicle-to-grid aggregation, bidirectional charging, and fleet energy-management services, supporting V2G, managed charging, grid services, and electric fleet operations globally today.
Renault Group
AutomakerRenault Group develops production electric vehicles and charging services that support bidirectional vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid energy exchange through its Renault and Mobilize programs.
Scania
provider_or_implementerScania develops connected heavy vehicles and is testing vehicle-to-grid operation through megawatt charging systems.
The Mobility House
Platform ProviderThe Mobility House operates smart-charging and vehicle-to-grid software that aggregates electric vehicle batteries for fleet energy management, grid services, and commercial bidirectional charging.
Toyota
Technology DeveloperToyota develops vehicle-side V2X and cooperative ITS safety systems, connected infrastructure applications, and bidirectional energy functions across mobility programs and production vehicles.
Virta
provider_or_implementerVirta operates an EV charging platform with vehicle-to-grid capabilities and energy-management services.
Volvo Cars
provider_or_implementerVolvo Cars develops connected electric vehicles and energy services supporting bidirectional charging applications.
Wallbox
Hardware ProviderWallbox provides electric-vehicle charging hardware, software, and energy-management products, supporting bidirectional charging, home and commercial energy integration, and connected charging globally today.
WeaveGrid
Platform ProviderWeaveGrid provides software that coordinates electric-vehicle charging with utility-grid operations, supporting managed charging, utility integration, grid-aware vehicle energy use, and fleet electrification globally today.
Commercial systems
Products
Ambibox ambiCHARGE
implements_or_enablesAmbibox
Ampcontrol Fleet Charging Software
implements_or_enablesAmpcontrol
BMW Bidirectional Charging Management
implements_or_enablesBMW Group
Bosch Vehicle Charge Communication Unit
Supports TechnologyBosch
ChargeScape Platform
implements_or_enablesChargeScape
dcbel Ara
implements_or_enablesdcbel
Delta V2X Bidirectional EV Charger
implements_or_enablesDelta Electronics
EnergyHub Edge DERMS
related_capabilityEnergyHub
Enphase Bidirectional EV Charger
implements_or_enablesEnphase Energy
Eve Platform
related_capabilityev.energy
Fermata Energy FE-15
implements_or_enablesFermata Energy
Fermata Energy FE-20
implements_or_enablesFermata Energy
Fermata Energy V2X Platform
implements_or_enablesFermata Energy
Ford Charge Station Pro
implements_or_enablesFord Motor Company
GM Energy V2H Enablement Kit
implements_or_enablesGeneral Motors
Indra V2G Charger
implements_or_enablesIndra Renewable Technologies
IoTecha Smart Charging Controller
implements_or_enablesIoTecha
Kaluza Flex
implements_or_enablesKaluza
Mobilize Power V2G
implements_or_enablesRenault Group
Nissan LEAF Vehicle-to-Home System
implements_or_enablesNissan
Nuvve GIVe Platform
implements_or_enablesNuvve
Nuvve PowerPort
implements_or_enablesNuvve
The Mobility House Aggregation and Trading Platform
implements_or_enablesThe Mobility House
The Mobility House ChargePilot
implements_or_enablesThe Mobility House
Virta V2G Platform
implements_or_enablesVirta
Volvo Cars Bi-Directional Charging Offer
implements_or_enablesVolvo Cars
Wallbox Quasar 2
implements_or_enablesWallbox
WeaveGrid EMBER
implements_or_enablesWeaveGrid
Interoperability
Standards
IEC 63110-1
IEC 63110-1 defines management architecture and use cases for charging and discharging infrastructure. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
IEEE 2030.5
IEEE 2030.5 defines application messaging between energy devices and utilities, including distributed-energy and managed-charging functions. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
ISO 15118
A family of standards defining communication between electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, including Plug & Charge and bidirectional energy communication.
ISO 15118-1
ISO 15118-1 defines common terms, actors, requirements, and charging or discharging use cases for the ISO 15118 family. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
ISO 15118-20
ISO 15118-20 defines second-generation charging messages, including bidirectional power-transfer communication. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
OCPP 2.1
OCPP 2.1 defines newer charging-station management functions including bidirectional charging and distributed-energy integration. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
OpenADR 2.0b
OpenADR 2.0b defines automated exchange of demand-response events and reports between energy-service operators and participating resources. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
OpenADR 3.0
OpenADR 3.0 defines a modern web-API model for communicating demand-response and distributed-energy events. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
SAE J2847/1
SAE J2847/1 defines messages used between plug-in vehicles and the grid for managed charging use cases. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
SAE J2847/3
SAE J2847/3 defines communications for a plug-in vehicle participating as a distributed energy resource. It matters to V2X because it gives independently developed systems a common technical contract.
Institutions
Organizations
research_institution
U.S. national laboratory researching transportation systems, batteries, energy, and connected and automated mobility.
international_organization
Independent international organization developing consensus standards, including road-vehicle and intelligent-transport standards.
research_institution
U.S. national laboratory researching renewable energy, transportation electrification, grid integration, and managed charging.